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Citation and references

This is the canonical citation page for numgeo-ACT. Other documentation pages link here rather than maintaining copies of the publication list.

How to cite numgeo-ACT

When reporting a calibration, identify the ACT release, the numgeo executable distributed with that release, the optimiser and the complete calibration settings. Citation managers can read the repository's CITATION.cff.

For the automatic-calibration methodology, cite:

Foundational paper

Machaček, J., Staubach, P., Grandas Tavera, C. E., Wichtmann, T. & Zachert, H. (2022). On the automatic parameter calibration of a hypoplastic soil model. Acta Geotechnica, 17(11), 5253–5273. doi:10.1007/s11440-022-01669-4

When DEEM is used, also cite its algorithm paper:

DEEM paper

Machaček, J., Siegel, S. & Zachert, H. (2025). DEEM: Differential Evolution with Elitism and Multi-populations. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 92, 101818. doi:10.1016/j.swevo.2024.101818

The SMAC-style and local backends are implementations within numgeo-ACT. Cite the software release and describe their settings. ACT.SMAC is not the external SMAC3 package and should not be cited as such.

When IPOP-CMA-ES is used, cite the numgeo-ACT release and the CMA-ES tutorial:

CMA-ES tutorial

Hansen, N. (2016). The CMA Evolution Strategy: A Tutorial. arXiv:1604.00772. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1604.00772

Selected applications and methodology

  • Machaček, J., Siegel, S., Staubach, P. & Zachert, H. (2023). Automatic Parameter Calibration of Two Advanced Constitutive Models. In Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics: IACMAG 2022, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 288, 110–117. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12851-6_14

  • Brosz, F., Machaček, J. & Zachert, H. (2023). Automatic parameter calibration of two sophisticated soil models based on monotonic and cyclic tests on sand. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2023). doi:10.53243/NUMGE2023-415

  • Brosz, F., Machaček, J. & Zachert, H. (2024). Automatic parameter calibration of advanced constitutive soil models and application to a boundary value problem. In Geotechnical Engineering Challenges to Meet Current and Emerging Needs of Society: Proceedings of the XVIII ECSMGE 2024, 369–374. CRC Press/Balkema. doi:10.1201/9781003431749-44

  • Zeng, S., Machaček, J. & Taiebat, M. (2024). Automatic Calibration Tool for Efficient Parameter Optimization of SANISAND Models under Cyclic Loading. Proceedings of Geo-Congress 2024. ASCE. doi:10.1061/9780784485347.030

  • Machaček, J., Zeng, S. & Taiebat, M. (2025). Enhancing accuracy and efficiency in cyclic liquefaction modeling: An automatic calibration framework for advanced constitutive models. Computers and Geotechnics, 183, 107208. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107208

  • Zeng, S., Machaček, J., Moshfeghi, S. & Taiebat, M. (2026). Data strategies for automatic calibration of soil constitutive models. Computers and Geotechnics, 194, 108009. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.108009

  • Bombe, J., Schmüdderich, C., Machaček, J., Tafili, M. & Wichtmann, T. (2026). Simplified calibration of hypoplastic model parameters based on grain size distribution characteristics. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. doi:10.53243/ICSMGE2026-847

  • Bombe, J., Schmüdderich, C., Machaček, J., Tafili, M. & Wichtmann, T. (2026). Simplified Calibration of Hypoplastic Model Parameters Based on Grain Size Distribution Characteristics. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics: IACMAG 2025, 653–658. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5969-5_92

Questions about the software or its scientific use can be directed to Jan Machaček.